I'm still in the process of putting the caliper back on. The FSM doesn't say anything about what this clip is supposed to do. Maybe it's obvious when everything is back together, but it's not clear to me at the moment, and I don't want to get it wrong.
Here's a pic from the service manual. The blue arrow points to the retainer clip, which is part 13 in the previous figure.
Here's a pic from the service manual. The blue arrow points to the retainer clip, which is part 13 in the previous figure.